The management of the University of Ilorin postgraduate studies is inviting applications from suitably qualified candidates for admission into the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) postgraduate programmes (Ph.D. Degree, M.Phil/Ph.D. Degree, Master Degree and Postgraduate Diploma) for the 2025/2026 academic session.
IMPORTANT NOTICE:
- Only available Courses for the session are advertised and as such candidates are advised to select courses available in the advertisement. Any action contrary to this instruction is at the candidateās risk, please.
- Candidates are advised to PRINT out the advertisement and STUDY thoroughly before COMMENCING the application procedure
Below are the list of FAQ on UNILORINĀ Postgraduate forms;
Is UNILORINĀ postgraduate form out?
How much is UNILORINĀ Postgraduate form?
When will UNILORINĀ Postgraduate form be out?
Please when is UNILORINĀ postgraduate screening starting?
Please I want to know if UNILORINĀ postgraduate registration is in progress?
Please when is UNILORINĀ Postgraduate form closing date?
Will there be an entrance exam for UNILORINĀ Postgraduate School?
What are the admission requirements for UNILORINĀ PG School?
Can I apply for UNILORINĀ postgraduate programme without NYSC
I am currently doing my NYSC, am I eligible to apply for UNILORINĀ postgraduate form?
FAQs on UNILORINĀ Postgraduate Application Form | Answers To FAQs on UNILORIN Postgraduate Form |
Is UNILORIN Postgraduate form out? | The Postgraduate form for this academic session is out. |
When will the Postgraduate forms be out? | The postgraduate application form for 2025/2026 session is out at the moment. |
Please when is UNILORIN postgraduate screening starting? | The date for Postgraduate form screening exercise will communicated via their online publication as shown below in this post. |
Please I want to know if UNILORIN postgraduate registration is in progress? | Currently the Postgraduate form is on sale. |
Please when is UNILORIN Postgraduate form closing date? | UNILORIN PG form closing date is Friday, 23rd May 2025. |
Will there be an entrance exam for UNILORIN Postgraduate School? | Yes there will be a screening test for all applicants |
How much is UNILORIN postgraduate Form? | The cost of UNILORIN Postgraduate application form is Twenty five thousand naira (N25,000) |
What are the admission requirements for UNILORIN PG School? | Check below for the list of UNILORIN PG programmes and admission requirements |
Can I apply for UNILORIN postgraduate programme without NYSC | The answer is NO. Only candidates with NYSC Discharge certificate are eligible to apply for UNILORIN postgraduate form |
I am currently doing my NYSC, am I eligible to apply for UNILORIN postgraduate form? | No you are not eligible until your NYSC discharge certificate is ready. |
The above are the most frequently asked questions on UNILORINĀ Postgraduate forms and the best possible answers. Go through them carefully and you can never be wrong with those answers.
UNILORIN Available PG Programmes
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Agricultural Extension
Department of Agronomy
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Agronomy M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Soil Science
Department of Animal Production
PGD, M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Animal Production
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Aquaculture and Fisheries
Department of Crop Protection
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Crop Protection
Department of Forest Resources Management
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Forest Resources Management
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Wildlife Management and Biodiversity Conservation
Department of Home Economics and Food Science
PGD.; M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Food Science M.Sc.; Home Economics
FACULTY OF ARTS
Centre for Cultural Studies and Creative Arts
M.A.; Ph.D. Cultural Studies M.A.; Ph.D. Creative Arts
M.A.; Ph.D. Museum and Archival Studies
Centre for Peace and Strategic Studies
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Peace and Development Studies M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D. Peace and Strategic Studies
M.A. Peace and Security Studies
Department of Arabic
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Arabic Language.
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Literature- in ā Arabic
Department of English
M.A.; Ph.D. English Language M.A.; Ph.D. Literature in English
Department of French
M.A.; Ph.D. French Language M.A.; Ph.D. Literature-in-French
Department of History and International Studies
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. History and International Studies
Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Linguistics
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Applied Linguistics M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Yoruba Language M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Yoruba Literature
Department of The Performing and Film Arts
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Performing Arts
Department of Religions
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Christian Studies.
M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Comparative Religious Studies M.A.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Islamic Studies
Institute of Translation Art
M.A. Translation Art
FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
Department of Anatomy
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Anatomy
Department of Physiology
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Physiology
FACULTY OF BASIC CLINICAL SCIENCES
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Medical Microbiology and Parasitology
Molecular Diagnostic and Research Laboratory (MDRL)
PG Certificate; PGD. Analytic Molecular Biology Techniques
FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health
Master of Public Health (MPH) Ph.D. (Public Health)
Department of Nursing Science
M.Sc. Nursing Science
Department of Paediatrics & Child Health
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Tropical Paediatrics
Institute of Medical Research and Training
PGD.; M.Sc. Sport and Exercise Medicine M.Sc. Addiction Medicine Study
M.Sc. Haematology and Transfusion Medicine
FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
Centre for Cybersecurity and Sustainable Development
Master in Cybersecurity (Professional)
M.Sc., Ph.D. Cybersecurity
Department of Computer Science
PGD.; M.Sc.; M.Phil.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Computer Science
Department of Information Technology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Information and Communication Science
Department of Library and Information Science
MLIS.; Ph.D. Library and Information Science
Department of Mass Communication
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Mass Communication
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
Department of Arts Education
M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. English Language Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Arabic Language Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. History and Policy Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. History Education
M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Religious Studies Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Comparative Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Curriculum Development M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Mother Tongue Education M.Ed. French Education
M.Ed. M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Philosophy of Education
Department of Adult and Primary Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Adult Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Childhood Education
Department of Educational Management
M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Educational Management
Department of Educational Technology
PGD; M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Educational Technology
Department of Educational Guidance and Counselling
M.Ed.; Ph.D. Guidance and Counselling PGD. Marriage and Family Life Counselling PGD. Religious Counselling
Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education
M.Sc. (Ed); M.Phil.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Health Education Master of Public Health Education
Department of Human Kinetics Education
M.Sc. (Ed).; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Exercise and Sport Science
M.Sc. (Ed).; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Administration and Management of Human Kinetics and Sport
M.Sc. (Ed).; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Curriculum and Teacher Education M.Sc. (Ed).; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Adapted Physical Education
M.Sc. (Ed).; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Recreation and Tourism Education
Department of Science Education
M.Ed., Ph.D. Agricultural Education
M.Ed., Ph.D. Science Education (Mathematics, Biology and Physics)
Department of Social Sciences Education
M.Ed.; Ph.D. Curriculum Development in Social Sciences Education M.Ed.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Educational Psychology
M.Ed., Ph.D. Social Studies Education M.Ed.; Ph.D. Sociology of Education
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
M.Eng.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D.
Department of Biomedical Engineering
M.Eng. Biomedical Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
M.Eng.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Chemical Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
M.Sc. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
M.Eng.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Civil Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
M.Eng.; Ph.D. Electrical Engineering
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
M.Eng. Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
M.Eng.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Department of Architecture
M.Sc.; MPhil. /Ph.D.; Ph.D. Architecture
Department of Estate Management
PGD; M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D. Estate Management
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics
PGD; M.Sc.; Ph.D. Surveying and Geoinformatics
Department of Quantity Surveying
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Quantity Surveying
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
PGD; M.Sc.; M.Phil.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Urban and Regional Planning
FACULTY OF LAW
Department of Common Law
LL.M; M.Phil.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Common Law
Department of Islamic Law
LL.M; M.Phil.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Islamic Law
Institute For Legislative Studies
MA.; MPhil/Ph.D.; Ph.D. Legislative Studies MA.; MPhil/Ph.D.; Ph.D. Legislative Drafting
MA.; MPhil/Ph.D.; Ph.D. Constitutional Law and Development MA.; MPhil/Ph.D.; Ph.D. Election and Political Party Management MA.; MPhil/Ph.D.; Ph.D. Parliamentary Administration
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Biochemistry
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Biochemistry
Department of Microbiology
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Microbiology
Department of Plant Biology
PGD; M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Plant Biology
Department of Zoology
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Zoology
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
Centre for Management and Leadership Ilorin
M.Sc. Community Leadership
M.Sc. Procurement Regulation and Management M.Sc. Leadership and Accountability
Ph.D. Management and Leadership
Department of Accounting
M.Sc. Accounting
Department of Business Administration
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Business Administration
Department of Finance
M.Sc., Ph.D. Finance
Department of Industrial Relations and Personnel Management
M.Sc., Ph.D. Employment Relations and Human Resources Management
Department of Marketing
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Marketing
Department of Public Administration
PGD; M.Sc.; Ph.D. Public Administration
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
PGD; M.Sc.; Ph.D. Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
M.Sc. Pharmacology
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Department of Chemistry
PGD; M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Chemistry
Department of Industrial Chemistry
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Industrial Chemistry
Department of Mathematics
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Mathematics
Department of Statistics
PGD.; M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Statistics
Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences
PGD.; M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Applied Geology
Department of Geophysics
M.Sc. Geophysics
Department of Physics
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Physics
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Department of Economics
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Economics
Department of Criminology and Security Studies
M.Sc. Criminology and Security Studies
Department of Geography and Environmental Management
PGD Geographic Information System Master in Geographic Information System Master in Disaster Risk Management
M.Sc. Geography and Environmental Management M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Geography
Department of Political Science
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Political Science
Department of Social Works
PGD., M.Sc. Social Works
Department of Sociology
M.Sc.; M.Phil.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Sociology
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Department of Veterinary Anatomy
M.Sc.; Ph.D.; Veterinary Anatomy
Department of Veterinary Medicine
M.Sc.; Ph.D.; Veterinary Medicine
Department of Veterinary Microbiology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Microbiology
Department of Veterinary Pathology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Pathology
Department of Veterinary Parasitology & Entomology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Parasitology
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Pharmacology M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Toxicology
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry
M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Veterinary Physiology M.Sc.; M.Phil./Ph.D.; Ph.D. Veterinary Biochemistry
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Small Animal Surgery M.Sc.; Ph.D. Large Animal Surgery M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Anaesthesiology
M.Sc.; Ph.D. Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging
Department of Theriogenology and Production
M.Sc. Animal Health in Production M.Sc.; Ph.D. Theriogenology
IMPORTANT NOTICE:
- Only courses available for the session are advertised and as such candidates are advised to select courses available in this advertisement.
- Candidates are advised to PRINTout the advertisement and STUDY thoroughly before commencing the application procedure.
- Applicants are to note that the University will not be liable or responsible for any mistake made arising from wrong application
- Ā The Postgraduate academic session for Postgraduate programmes is 12 calendar months, commencing on 23rd October and ending on 30th September of the following year. The 12 calendar months starts to count automatically from the date of first registration.
- Applicants are to note that programmes automatically lapses at the expiration of the prescribed maximum duration for each programme. A candidate may, however, apply for an extension of not more than 6 months, in the first instance, subject to a maximum of two such
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES OFFERED
1. Ph.D. Degree Programmes
These are available to holders of M.A; M.Ed.; M.Eng.; M.Sc.; LL.M; and M.P.H degrees, with a minimum score of 60% or a minimum of 4 points on a 5 points Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) scale in their Master degree programmes. A Ph.D. degree programme runs for a minimum period of 36 calendar months and a maximum period of 60 calendar months for full-time candidates OR a minimum period of 48 calendar months and a maximum period of 72 calendar months for part-time candidates. Relevant Courses will be taken for the Ph.D. studies where prescribed and a Thesis is required at the end of the Ph.D. programme.
2. M.Phil./Ph.D. Degree Programmes
Candidates who scored between 55.00 and 59.99 percent or 3.50 ā 3.99 CGPA score on a 5-point scale, can apply for admission into the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil./Ph.D.) degree programme. The M.Phil./Ph.D. degree programme is available only to full-time candidates. It runs for a minimum period of 12 calendar months and a maximum period of 24 calendar months and a Dissertation is produced after the research work. Candidates in this category are eligible for conversion to Ph.D. programme, following a progress assessment report to be made by a Panel of Examiners at the end of the first session of registration. To be eligible for conversion to the Ph.D. program, candidates are expected to score not less than 60% (aggregate) at the end of the first session.
3. M.Phil. Degree Programmes
Candidates who scored between 50.00 and 54.99 percent or 3.00 ā 3.49 CGPA score on a 5-point scale, can apply for admission into the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) degree programme. The M.Phil. degree programme is available only to full-time candidates. It runs for a minimum period of 18 calendar months and a maximum period of 24 calendar months on a full-time basis and a Dissertation is produced after the research work.
4. Master Degree Programmes
M.A.; M.Ed.; M.Eng.; M.Sc.; LL.M and M.P.H. degrees run for a minimum period of
18 calendar months and a maximum period of 24 calendar months for full-time candidates OR a minimum period of 36 calendar months and a maximum period of 48 calendar months for part-time candidates. All Master degree programmes are by course work. This is in addition to a research report at the end of which a Dissertation is produced.
5.Ā Ā Postgraduate Diploma Degree Programmes
Postgraduate Diploma degrees are available to candidates with Third Class (honours) degree.
ELIGIBILITY FOR ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES
General Requirements:
- All entry certificate requirement shall be available at the point of purchasing the application form. The National Youth Service Corp Discharge Certificate OR Exemption Certificate should be dated and presented on or before September 30th, 2025.
- Applicants are expected to submit their application forms online together with the scanned copies of their credentials.
- After the submission of the application forms online, as stated in (ii) above, all supporting documents in (i) above and the hard copy of the application form should be forwarded to the Secretary, Postgraduate School, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria between Monday, 2nd June 2025 and Friday, 6th June 2025, while the submission of Transcripts of Academic Records should be addressed and forwarded to the Head of Department where the admission is being sought. The Postgraduate School will not be held liable for any misdirected transcript.
- All applicants must have 5 O/L Credit passes in the relevant subjects, which must include English Language and Mathematics. In line with Senate directives, applicants who had their O/L results before the year 2015, may have a pass in English or Mathematics depending on the programme applied for.
- Applicants for the Master degree programmes who are graduates of the University of Ilorin and other recognized universities must have a minimum of Second Class Honours Degree (Lower Division) and must be applying for programmes in which they had their first degrees. However, applicants with Second Class Honours Degree (Lower Division) and those with higher classes of degrees seeking admissions into programmes outside those in which they had their first degrees may be admitted, provided they satisfy the University of Ilorin Senateās requirements in a qualifying examination to be conducted. The least class of first Degree for all academic programme applicants is Second Class Honours Degree (Lower Division). The Bachelor degrees should be obtained from the University of Ilorin or any other university recognised by the Senate of the University of Ilorin. ALL applicants shall apply early for their official Bachelor degree transcript to be sent to the Head of Department where the admission is being sought, before the expiration of the stated deadline in B (iii) above. Again, the Postgraduate School will not be held liable or responsible for any misdirected transcript.
- Applicants for the Ph.D. degree programme shall have obtained a relevant Master degree of the University of Ilorin or from other recognized Universities, with an average weighted score of at least 60% or a 4.0 points CGPA on a 5-point scale. Short-listed applicants would be required to satisfy the Postgraduate School in the qualifying interviews and assessments by the relevant Department. Applicants are, therefore, expected to interact with the department to which they have applied to ascertain the interview date for the Ph.D. degree programme. Regardless of the institution where the Master degree was obtained, all candidates must apply early for the official copy of their academic transcripts to be sent to the Head of Department where the admission is being sought for the purpose of this admission and before the expiration of the stated deadline. Applicants must note that the Postgraduate School will not be responsible for any misdirected transcript.
- All Higher Degree applicants that attended foreign Universities, where English language is not the medium of instruction, should submit to the Head of Department where the admission is being sought, evidence of their English Language proficiency, e.g. TOEFL or IELTS scores obtained within the validity period of such certifications.
- Applicants for the Postgraduate Diploma and Master Degree Programmes will be subjected to a qualifying examination, irrespective of the class of degree obtained. However, applicants from the University of Ilorin with a First Class or a Second Class, Upper Division (Honours), provided such applicant is not applying to a department that is different from the one in which he/she graduated from at the undergraduate level, will be exempted from the qualifying examination.
- International applicants (who are domiciled outside Nigeria and non-Nigerians applying from outside the country) shall be exempted from the qualifying examination irrespective of the class of degree. All applicants are requested to submit a proposal of not more than 5 pages, giving details of their intended areas of research interests. This should be sent electronically to pgschool@unilorin.edu.ng no later than Friday, 3rd May 2024.
- Applicants applying for any of the full-time programmes of the University are expected to present a letter of release from their employers at the point of registration.
C. Programme Specifics
1. Applicants for the Postgraduate Diploma in Computer Science shall satisfy one of the following:
- a minimum of first degree in any of the following disciplines from a recognised University: Sciences, Engineering, Social Sciences or the
- HND in Computer Science or Engineering from recognized Polytechnics with a minimum of Lower Credit; and
- HND in any other discipline different from those in (b) above but preferably from Sciences or Social Sciences with a minimum of Lower Credit from a recognized Polytechnic or equivalent institution, with at least one year cognate experience.
2. Applicants for Postgraduate Diploma in Statistics shall satisfy one of the following:
- A minimum of an honourās degree from a recognized University in any of Science and Social Science disciplines;
- HND in Statistics from a recognized Polytechnic with a minimum of Lower Credit.
3. M.A. Peace and Security Studies is OPEN ONLY to participants of the Executive Intelligence Management Course (EIMC) of the Institute of Security Studies, Abuja. The M.A. Peace and Strategic Studies is OPEN ONLY to participants in the Executive Management Course (EMC) of the Nigerian Army School of Education (NASE), Ilorin or any other equivalent programme approved by NASE.
4. M.Sc. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is OPEN ONLY to participants of the Natural Water Institute, Kaduna.
Applicants for Master of Public Health (MPH) shall satisfy the following:
- Have their first degree in one of the following fields; Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, Nutrition & Dietetics, Veterinary Medicine, Medical Laboratory Science, Health Information Management, Public Health or Microbiology;
- Have at least 2 years working experience in health facility, ministry of health, UN agencies or health related government and non-governmental
How to Apply for UNILORIN Postgraduate Admission Form
Application fee for all programmes is 25, 000.00 Naira only for Applicants within Nigeria OR $200.00Ā only for International Applicants.
Click https://pg.unilorin.edu.ng to apply.
UNILORIN PG form Closing Date
Application forms are to be completed online and will close on Friday, 23rd May 2025. Note that the latest date for receipt of supporting documents is Friday, 6th June 2025. Successful applicants will be notified through their University of Ilorin application portal.
Hope this is well understood? Do you have any questions as regards UNILORIN PG admission form? Please feel free to reach out to me via the comment section below and I will be happy to help.